Widget Airlines Free Essays

Envision Widgets Airlines, Inc. works 18-seat business trips between New York City and Washington, DC. After 10 seats have been sold on every airplane, the organization has arrived at the earn back the original investment point. We will compose a custom article test on Gadget Airlines or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Should Widgets think about contribution a limited charge for seats 11 through 18? Indeed. Gadgets Airlines, Inc. should offer a markdown on the rest of the seats. What are the focal points and detriments of not offering a markdown on seats 11 through 18? The upsides of selling at a limited cost are that they would sell their seats quicker relying upon the value they are selling at. This could be a useful by increasing more clients who travel for business on a week after week premise particularly on Thursdays. The hindrance of not offering limits is that the flight will have void seats in light of the fact that the cost is excessively high. Despite the fact that the organization will lose benefit at first, the carrier will develope a decent notoriety for low charges and reasonable treatment; accordingly, they will keep on getting business. What are the points of interest and impediments of offering a rebate on seats 11 through 18? The inconveniences of offering a markdown include: miserable clients (who feel that the rebate wasn’t adequate, otherwise known as inconsequential). Another impediment is that the organization will lose income . The focal points include: upbeat clients (who are happy to have had the option to set aside cash and to not need to play with discounts), selling the seats all the more rapidly, boosting the company’s notoriety with the advancement, and potentially making sure about the unwaveringness of continuous fliers. How might you choose what amount of a markdown, assuming any, could be advertised? What impact would the rebate have on the fiscal reports of Widgets Airlines, Inc.? We will choose the amount of a markdown would be offered by looking at different contenders. For instance if different contenders sell more tickets base on a %20 limited rates for explicit days, the organization will change its rebate rates at %25 on those days. Gadgets would not lose any income since it is all benefit now. This would just get more clients particularly the ones who fly on a week after week premise. The fiscal report will remain the equivalent since all organizations offer limits sooner or later and this would appear on the salary proclamation. Instructions to refer to Widget Airlines, Papers

Depression Amongst Transsexuals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Despondency Amongst Transsexuals - Essay Example It has been accounted for that roughly 1 of every 30,000 grown-up hereditary guys and 1 out of 100,000 hereditary females try to change their sex (Gender dysphoria, NHS direct). These people experience the ill effects of a remarkable kind of misery known as sex dysphoria wherein the psyche of the influenced people accept that the person really has a place with the sex inverse to that what has been alloted to him/her truly at the hour of birth. The transsexual can be male - to-female or female-to-male. A transsexual might be hetero, gay or cross-sexual. This condition is unique in relation to transvestism wherein individuals get sexual or passionate joy from wearing the garments of the other gender. The state of sex dysphoria remains significantly disparaging (Ghosh, 2006). The turmoil influences a people mental self portrait, and can affect the people characteristics, conduct and dress (â€Å"Mental health†, WebMD). Because of disarray about the individual sex, the individual encounters uneasiness and sentiments and dread of dismissal. These emotions frequently lead to incessant discouragement and even self-destructive inclinations. A large number of them endeavor to experience hormone and careful treatment to truly change their sex. The vast majority of them have disability in social and word related working. Additionally, numerous people with this condition become socially secluded. Confinement and segregation add to low confidence and may prompt school abhorrence or dropping out of school (â€Å"DSM IV†, Gender Identity Disorder). Young men with this condition show checked female peculiarities and discourse designs and are exposed to prodding which further caus es them to go in to misery (â€Å"DSM IV†, Gender Identity Disorder). Regularly, in a significant number of them, the unsettling influence can be inescapable to such an extent that the individuals’ considerations rotate just around those exercises that decrease sexual orientation pain and they are frequently engrossed with appearance, particularly from the get-go in the change to living in the other gender job (â€Å"DSM IV†, Gender Identity Disorder). Connections

How Active Problem Solving Can Help

How Active Problem Solving Can Help BPD Living With BPD Print How Active Problem Solving Can Help You How to tackle problems head on By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Updated on May 10, 2018 Hero Images/Getty Images More in BPD Living With BPD Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Active problem solving is the kind of skill that we rarely think about in our day-to-day lives. Often we instead focus on trying to deal with difficult emotions we face. In particular, people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) can be so seemingly overpowered by strong emotions that the emotions themselves become the focus of coping. Of course, it is very important to have coping skills you can use to reduce intense emotions (for some examples, see this article on healthy coping skills). However, its also important to have skills you can use to cope with the problems that are at the root of those emotions. This is where the skill of active problem solving comes in. What Is Active Problem Solving? Sometimes its more effective to focus on the problem at hand than to focus on trying to control your emotions about the problem. Tackling problems head-on can help you feel that ?your life is more manageable and less stressful. This is what we call active problem solving â€" intentionally tackling and solving the root problem, rather than letting it go unresolved. Of course, active problem solving is easier said than done. Sometimes it is very difficult to face problems directly because this may mean confronting fears, approaching conflict, or otherwise making yourself uncomfortable in the short term. In the long term, active problem solving actually reduces discomfort because the problem is no longer hanging over your head. When Is Active Problem Solving Effective? Not every situation is appropriate for an active problem-solving approach. There are some situations that are inherently unsolvable â€" these are events or situations that are outside your control. For example, perhaps you dont like the person your sister is marrying, and her decision to marry is causing you a lot of anger, sadness, and grief. This is one of those situations that you dont have any control over, so trying to solve the problem wont work. In this situation, youll have to cope using more emotion-focused skills. However, imagine that you are having a dispute with your landlord because the heat in your apartment is not working. In this situation, you may need to use some emotion-focused coping to manage your anger, but you will also need to use some active problem-solving skills to get the situation resolved (or resign yourself to a cold apartment). How to Use Active Problem Solving Evaluate the Situation. The first step whenever you are facing a situation that is causing you to have strong emotions is to evaluate whether there is a problem going on that can be solved. Is there some aspect of the situation that you have some control over? Is this a problem that could be addressed? Or is this a situation that you will have to learn to live with? Determine the Most Effective Course of Action. Once you have determined that there is a potentially solvable problem going on, you next need to determine what the most effective course of action will be. Lets take the landlord example from above. Would the most effective course of action be to go to your landlords house, knock on his or her door, and scream at your landlord until he or she agrees to fix the heat? This tactic might get your heat fixed, but it certainly wont help you later on when its time for you to sign next years lease. A more effective course of action might be to do some research on tenants rights in your region and then write your landlord a letter clearly stating the problem you are experiencing, keeping a copy of the letter for yourself in case you need future documentation. Its not always easy to determine the most effective course of action, so you may want to consult with friends or a therapist about what action to take. You may find that you have a number of different options in how you deal with the problem, and running it by other people can help you find the action that will work best. What to Do If the Problem Isnt Solved Sometimes you will choose a problem-solving action, try it, and find that your problem still exists. For example, perhaps you write your landlord a letter about the heat, and never hear anything back. It is not unusual that you will actually need to take a few different actions before the problem is solved. So, what to do next? Go back to the drawing board. Determine what the next action to take should be. Perhaps you decide that next you will call your landlord, mention the letter, and ask when the problem will be resolved (perhaps noting that your city law states that heating problems must be resolved within 5 days). If that doesnt work, your next step may be to contact a tenants rights organization to find out what legal rights you have. The good news is that if you are persistent you will likely solve the problem. And when you do, you will have: A) eliminated a problem from your life (and the associated emotions), and B) built confidence that you can tackle difficult issues.

The Effects Of Binge Drinking On College - 913 Words

One of my youth pastors told the teens at church on a Wednesday night, â€Å"Don’t start a habit in your younger years that is going to control the way you live your adult years .† Whenever I heard this statement, I thought of teens binge drinking in college. College drinking has become a major issue for people under the age of twenty- one. Binge drinking becomes addicting, especially for people under the age of twenty-one. Understanding the problem and consequences of binge drinking will help to show that lowering the drinking age will not help the problem. Binge drinking in college is when students consume an excessive amount of alcohol in a short period of time. This can happen because of parties, meeting new friends, even being in a†¦show more content†¦Along with binge drinking comes consequences. The most common cause for deaths in car accidents is drinking and driving. In Roan’s book, Roan states, â€Å"In 1984, a federal standard was established setting the minimum legal drinking age at 21. Since then, traffic fatalities among drivers ages 18 to 20 have fallen by an estimated 13%, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration† (Roan ). This statistic is one that shows how lowering the legal drinking age would not solve the problem of binge drinking in college. Most people that are freshman in college start school at 18 or 19. As stated in the previous paragraph, these freshman attend parties or events with older people. These students can be 21 or older and be able to buy alcohol. This ca n lead to underage drinking. If a student does not live on campus, he or she will have to drive back to their house. They can be giving friends a ride to wherever they need to go, or just driving around goofing off. If they have had an excessive amount of alcohol, they can be endangering the lives of themselves, their friends’ lives, and other people on the road. If they were to have a car accident, they could kill the other people in the cars involved. They can then be charged with murder. Another consequence of binge drinking is alcohol-related death. In the same article by Roan, he talks about a

Who Were the Ionian Greeks

Who the Ionians were and whence they came to Greece is not entirely certain. Solon, Herodotus, and Homer (as well as Pherecydes) believed they originated on the mainland in central Greece. The Athenians considered themselves Ionian, though the Attic dialect is somewhat different from that of the cities of Asia Minor. Tisamenus, the grandson of Agamemnon, evicted from the Argolid by Dorians, drove the Ionians from the Northern Peloponnese into Attica, after which time that district was known as Achaea. More Ionian refugees arrived in Attica when the Heracleidai drove Nestors descendants from Pylos. The Neleid Melanthus became king of Athens, as did his son Codrus. (And hostilities between Athens and Boiotia date back at least to 1170 B.C. if we accept Thucydides dates.) Neleus, son of Codrus, was one of the leaders of the Ionian migration to Asia Minor and was thought to have founded (re-founded) Miletus. Along the way his followers and sons occupied Naxos and Mykonos, driving the Carians out of the Cycladic islands. Neleus brother Androclus, known to Pherecydes as the instigator of the migration, drove the Lelegians and the Lydians out of Ephesus and founded the archaic city and the cult of Artemis. He found himself at odds with Leogrus of Epidaurus, king of Samos. ​Aepetus, one of the sons of Neleus, founded Priene, which had a strong Boeotian element in its population. And so on for each city. Not all were settled by Ionians from Attica,  some settlements were Pylian, some from Euboea. Greek Races Herodotus Histories Book I.56. By these lines when they came to him CrÅ“sus was pleased more than by all the rest, for he supposed that a mule would never be the ruler of the Medes instead of a man, and accordingly that he himself and his heirs would never cease from their rule. Then after this, he gave thought to inquire which people of the Hellenes he should esteem the most powerful and gain over to himself as friends. And inquiring he found that the Lacedemonians and the Athenians had the pre-eminence, the first of the Dorian and the others of the Ionian race. For these were the most eminent races in ancient time, the second being a Pelasgian and the first a Hellenic race: and the one never migrated from its place in any direction, while the other was very exceedingly given to wanderings; for in the reign of Deucalion this race dwelt in Pthiotis, and in the time of Doros the son of Hellen in the land lying below Ossa and Olympos, which is called Histiaiotis; and when it was dri ven from Histiaiotis by the sons of Cadmos, it dwelt in Pindos and was called Makednian; and thence it moved afterward to Dryopis, and from Dryopis it came finally to Peloponnesus, and began to be called Dorian. The Ionians Herodotus Histories Book I.142. These Ionians to whom belongs the Panionion had the fortune to build their cities in the most favorable position for climate and seasons of any men whom we know: for neither the regions above Ionia nor those below, neither those towards the East nor those towards the West. The Twelve Cities Herodotus Histories Book I.145. Upon these they laid this penalty: but as for the Ionians, I think that the reason why they made of themselves twelve cities and would not receive any more into their body, was because when they dwelt in Peloponnesus there were of the twelve divisions, just as now there are twelve divisions of the Achaians who drove the Ionians out: for first, (beginning from the side of Sikyon) comes Pellene, then Aigeira and Aigai, in which last is the river Crathis with a perpetual flow (whence the river of the same name in Italy received its name), and Bura and Helike, to which the Ionians fled for refuge when they were worsted by the Achaians in fight, and Aigion and Rhypes and Patreis and Phareis and Olenos, where is the great river Peiros, and Dyme and Tritaieis, of which the last alone has an inland position. Sources Strabo 14.1.7  - MilesiansHerodotus  Histories  Book IDidaskalia

Essay about Motivation Theory in Business - 2189 Words

A simple game of bingo, if analyzed closely, can be shown to be a tedious task consisting of a repetitive action that occurs after being prompted by a repetitive stimulus. The skill level needed to make that action is low, and the variability in the rules of the game rarely changes. This game is not unlike many of the jobs that can be classified as having low motivational potential scores (Hackman, et al). So why do people not only enjoy playing games like bingo, but actually pay money to have the pleasure? The answer directly points to the motivating factors of monetary rewards and recognition which are provided on a variable-ratio schedule. Motivation by reinforcement (Miller). There are many theories regarding motivation with the most†¦show more content†¦Also, studies demonstrate that different workers are motivated by different factors be them intrinsic or extrinsic. Centers and Bugental’s studies on intrinsic and extrinsic job motivation among different segments of the working population, show that while skilled workers are motivated the intrinsic rewards of their employment, lesser skilled workers in jobs that are deemed routine were motivated by extrinsic factors such as incentives and bonuses. This fact can be reaffirmed by analyzing union contacts and job descriptions in an industry like the steel industry. Employees who have routine jobs or jobs that have little in the way of decision making are often provided high monetary incentives based on productivity and quality. These ideas do not discount the work of Herzberg and Maslow, but instead show that as needs progress up the hierarchy ladder, focus must be made on what a manager should do to provide their workers with what they lack, an increasingly difficult task that have influenced the motivational theories of job enrichment (Hackman, et al. 1975). Job enrichment efforts have proven somewhat successful in improving performance and attitude amongst employees. Job enrichment theories are analogous to why people enjoy games so much. M.Show MoreRelatedBusiness Management : Motivation Theories Analysis Paper1384 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Management (Motivation Theories Analysis Paper) By Ethan Cole Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.0 Motivation Types†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2.0 Motivational Theories†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....2.1 Investigation into Workplace Satisfaction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3.0 Evaluation of Performance Pay / Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4.0 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5.0 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5Read MorePersonal Statement : Motivation Theories That Exist Within A Business Or An Organization1294 Words   |  6 Pagesdynamics that exist within a business or an organization, some of these topics were significant to me and some were not. For this paper, I have chosen to highlight motivation, cultural awareness, leadership, and change because these four issues are the most frequent issues that I face regularly in my leadership position. One of the challenges that have interested me for a long time is how to motivate the people who work for me. Prior to doing my first paper on motivation, I believed that money isRead MoreMotivation, The, Health, And Wellness Company Essay1602 Words   |  7 Pages2.5 motivational internal - Charlotte Cowie Motivation is the will to work. This comes from the enjoyment of the work itself and/or from the desire to achieve certain goals. There are many ways in which a manager goes about increasing motivation to improve many aspects of the business such as efficiency. My chosen business to study is Nestle. Nestle is the world s leading Nutrition, Health and Wellness company. Nestlà © New Zealand is a subsidiary of Nestlà © SA, www.nestle.com. Within the New ZealandRead MoreDavid Mcclelland And His Achievement Theory1199 Words   |  5 Pageshis Achievement Motivation Theory, also commonly referred to as Need Achievement Theory, and its relationship to leadership and motivation within business. Furthermore, this manuscript will observe material from various fields as it correlates to the overarching principle of leadership and motivation within business management. Throughout the course of Management 321: Leadership and Motivation, various theories were reviewed surrounding the subjects o f both leadership and motivation, their interrelatednessRead MoreHr Theories of Motivation1667 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction The companies’ leaders can improve their business by investing in development new products or services, improvement product or service quality, and enhancement marketing and sales. Another possible investment is improving the way a company manages its people – tends to receive less attention. Human Resource Management is very important for business as it involves a variety of activities that deal with the ‘human side of organisation’ (Griffiths and Wall, 2005). ArmstrongRead MoreEmployee Work Motivation 1386 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant to an organization, because work motivation relates to the performance of employees and their behaviour towards the organization (Katzell Thompson, 1990). â€Å"Managers see motivation as an integral part of the performance equation at all levels, while researchers see it as a fundamental building block in the development of useful theories of effective management practice (Steers, Mowday, Shapiro, 2004, p. 379)à ¢â‚¬ . In this study the role of work motivation of prospective employees played a centralRead MoreTheories of Motivation Concepts Table1503 Words   |  6 Pages1) Choose one of the theories from the Motivation Concepts Table and describe how this theory would and would not be applicable if applied to two or more workplace situations drawn from your personal experience. Motivation has become a term as ubiquitous as it is undefinable. What exactly is motivation and how is it used to achieve a desired result? In many circumstances, individuals are motivated by different aspects at different times in their lives. Compounding this issue further are the environmentalRead MoreWhy Do We Do What You Do?1508 Words   |  7 PagesMotivation can be defined as the commitment to do something to get closer to your goal (Gagn and Deci, 2005). However, in the perspective of a business it is the determination to work and the willingness to be productive. There are a variety of views on what motivates employees and leads them to their full potential and that has been the concern of theorists and entrepreneurs for the past century like Maslow, Herzberg, Elton Mayo and Fredrick Winslow Taylor. Many theories have been made to understandRead MoreStudent Motivation : Students Motivation991 Words   |  4 PagesSTUDENT MOTIVATION IN COLLEGE Motivation is defined as the acts or psychological processes that arouse and direct people’s goal-directed behavior (Kinicki Williams, 2012) and that drives them to the expenditure of effort to accomplish results (DuBrin, 2008, cited in Williams Williams, 2011); seen that way, motivation is inherent to the human being and of complete necessity in order to realize any endeavor. It’s pertinent to cite H. W. Beecher who said: â€Å"God made man to go by motives, and he willRead MoreHerzberg s Motivation Hygiene Theory891 Words   |  4 PagesInstitute of CPA’s discussed the ideas of Herzberg s motivation-hygiene theory in regards to the future of American business, in the article Job attitudes: The motivation-hygiene theory. The purpose of the article is to show how the future of business in American needs to use Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory to not only as a motivational tool for their employees but to also survive a business organization. Boe poi nts out that Herzberg’s theory shows how man has the basic need to understand his

Philosophy of Man free essay sample

If I were to define what a man truly is, I always find it difficult to express my ideas and opinions about what a man really is because in the first place I don’t absolutely know the true meaning of man. I would always say man is a living thing created by God. If I were to ask people about their view of man, they would always have different answers. It is confusing and hard to know the real essence of man. There are so many views that it makes us confused. After reading â€Å"THE OTHER WHO IS: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Person† by Jaime P. Guevara, I was able to know how people treat human beings, subjectively or objectively. You treat a person as a subject if you’ll see them not just a mere object and not use them as an object. On the other hand, you treat a person as an object if you use them for your personal benefits. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy of Man or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is what we call subject-subject relationship and subject-object relationship. Subject-subject relationship is a relationship wherein the self treats the other as a subject which means that the self hears what the other has to say and understands the other. This kind of relationship is often seen on family and friends. If a relationship lasts for a long time, that relationship could be a subject-subject relationship. Subject-object relationship is a relationship wherein the self sees the other as an object. The self disregards what the other feels. The self only want the other to hear what they are saying. The self only listens to his/her ideas and disregards the ideas of the other. In this relationship sometimes the self also deceives the other. The self wears a fake mask on for the other to see only the fake mask therefore the other is being deceived by the self with a fake mask on. This relationship isn’t really such a nice relationship. Some philosophers have different terms in the subject-subject and subject-object relationship. Martin Buber calls the subject-subject relationship as â€Å"I-Thou† or the Relationship of Dialogue and the subject-object relationship as â€Å"I-It† or the Relation of seeming. You will know if the relationship is an I-It relationship if the self is more focused on one’s self rather than the other. The self is less concerned about the other. For example, when a hostage taker hostages a child, the hostage taker doesn’t really care about the child instead the hostage taker is more focused on what will benefit him/her. If the self wants the other to believe what he/she says and does not care for the other, this relationship may also be defined as an I-It relationship. When a corrupt politician speaks his/her propaganda, the corrupt politician doesn’t really care about the people but only wants them to believe him/her for them to vote for him/her. When the self labels the other is also considered as an I-It relationship. In the I-Thou relationship, the self and the other regards each other’s feelings and thoughts. The self is unified with the other in the I-Thou relationship. If there is love in a relationship then it is an I-Thou relationship because the I and thou cares and respects each other. The self and the other do not perceive each other as objects, but perceive each other’s unity of being. After knowing the subject-subject relationship and the subject-object relationship I have reflected upon myself that I had relationships with others that I treated some as a subject and some as an object without knowing that I was already treating them as an object. I am feeling somewhat guilty that I treated them as an object. Although I think people can’t absolutely treat people as a subject all the time because I guess there are instances where we must and have no other way but to treat some as an object at some times. People can’t avoid treating some as an object yet people can’t avoid being treated as an object. I know I was also treated as an object by some yet I treated some as an object also so I guess it’s fair enough for me. All people still has different views on man. Our views are of our own choices.

Crusades Essays (1053 words) - Christianization, Crusades, Invasions

Crusades Crusades In the Middle Ages, Christians considered Palestine the Holy Land because it was where Jesus had lived and taught. The Arabs had conquered Palestine in the 600s. Most Arabs were Muslims, but they usually tolerated other religions. Jews and Christians who paid their taxes and observed other regulations were free to live in Palestine and practice their own religion. The Arab rulers didn't usually interfere with Christian pilgrims visiting Palestine, and European traders could generally do business there. During the 1000s the Seljuk Turks, people from central Asia who had adopted the Muslim faith, conquered Palestine and attacked Asia Minor, which was part of the Byzantine Empire. When the Turks threatened the capital city of Constantinople, the Byzantine emperor appealed to the pope in Rome. Because Christian pilgrims going to Palestine came home with reports of persecution from the Turks, the Byzantine emperor's appeal for help found a reception in Europe. Pope Urban I wanted to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims. He called a great meeting of church leaders and French nobles at Clermont France in 1095. At the meeting he encouraged the powerful feudal nobles to stop fighting with each other, and to join in one big war against the ?unbelievers.? Urban's request made his listeners very enthusiastic and they joined in one big cry, ?God wills it!? From Clermont people traveled through France preaching the cause. The people who joined the expeditions sewed a cloth cross on their clothes. They were called crusaders, from the Latin word cruciata, which means, ?marked with a cross.? People joined the Crusades, the expeditions to regain the Holy Land, for many different reasons. Most knights joined the crusades for the land and plunder in the rich Middle East. Merchants saw a chance to make money. The pope promised both heavenly and earthly rewards. Those who died on a Crusade were said to go strait to heaven. The pope also guaranteed church protection of the crusader's property and family during his absence. Debtors who joined a Crusade had their debts canceled. Criminals were relieved of punishment. The Crusades appealed to both a love of adventure and the promise of reward- the desire to escape debts or punishment. French and Norman nobles led the First Crusade that lasted from 1096 to 1099. In three organized armies, they marched across Europe to Constantinople. The crusaders received a hostile reception in Constantinople. The Byzantine emperor had asked for some assistance, but now, seeing three armies approaching the city, he feared they might capture and plunder the capitol. After much discussion the Byzantines allowed the crusaders to pass through Constantinople to begin their long, hot march across Asia Minor toward Palestine. In their wool and leather garments and their heavy armor, the crusaders suffered severely from the heat. Because they had few pack animals, a shortage of food and water plagued them. Additional problems erupted when the leaders quarreled over fiefs in the lands they captured. Despite these difficulties, however, the crusaders forged on to capture the city of Antioch. Then they marched toward Jerusalem. If the Turks had not also been quarreling and disunited, the expedition would have failed. Conditions improved as the crusaders marched down the seacoast toward Palestine. Fleets of ships from the Italian cities of Genoa and Pisa brought reinforcements and supplies. The crusaders captured Jerusalem after a short battle and slaughtered the Muslim inhabitants. One leader wrote to the pope that his horse's legs had been bloodstained to the knees from riding among the bodies of the dead Muslims. In the Middle East the crusaders set up four small states: the County of Edessa, the Principality of Antioch, the County of Tripole, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. They introduced European feudalism and subdivided the land into fiefs controlled by vassals and lords. For almost a century, the Europeans occupied these lands. Brisk European trade, with goods carried mostly in Italian ships, sprang up. Christians and Muslims lived in close proximity and grew to respect each other. Many Christians adopted Eastern customs and came to prefer Eastern food and clothing. The Second Crusade began in 1147, after the Turks had recaptured the important city of Edessa and threatened the Kingdom of Jerusalem. In this Crusade, King Luis VII of France and

The eNotes Blog How to Write a Character Comparison in 8Steps

How to Write a Character Comparison in 8Steps Sometimes two characters are clearly alike, while other times it’s not as obvious. In order to write a successful character comparison, you must move beyond a description of the characters and analyze how they relate to each other. You should examine both characters’ individual roles in their respective literary works to understand how they contribute to the overall meaning of the text. Let’s take a look at eight steps for writing a character comparison.    1. Choose two characters The first step to writing a character comparison is to determine two characters you want to compare. Before you start comparing, revisit parts of the text where each character appears. Take note of the various character descriptions throughout the text and become familiar with the role of each character. A few popular choices for writing character comparisons: Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov, Crime and Punishment†¨ Hamlet and Laertes, Hamlet†¨ Lucy Manette and Madame Defarge, A Tale of Two Cities†¨ Daisy Buchanan and Jordan Baker, The Great Gatsby†¨ 2. Establish a purpose for comparison Why are you comparing these two specific characters? Are you comparing to find meaningful similarities and differences or is it to demonstrate your understanding of the work as a whole? By establishing a purpose, you’re laying the foundation for your comparison and can refer back to it when you start to analyze each character. Several reasons for comparing two characters: Compare how each character’s actions and attributes affect the plot Major similarities or differences in character can show what themes the author wants to emphasize Explain how the relationship between the characters provides deeper understanding of the themes 3. Describe the characters This is a good time to refer to any earlier notes you’ve taken about specific characters in the text: physical descriptions, style of dialogue, narrative elements, etc. It may be helpful to create a two column chart where you can list the traits of each character and cross reference your findings. Remember to always cite direct textual evidence! Important points to consider: Physical descriptions Actions Speech Beliefs / Values Descriptions by narrator and other characters 4. Identify similarities and differences Although the assignment may say â€Å"compare,† the assumption is that you will compare and contrast- consider both the similarities and differences. Once you’ve determined the traits of each character, identify the similarities and differences between them. Focus on the overarching personal qualities or nature of the two characters rather than describing their physical features. For example, if youre writing about Pride and Prejudice, dont write something like, Darcy is a man, and Elizabeth is a woman. Instead, write something like this: Despite the fact that Darcy is a man and rich and Elizabeth is a woman and relatively poor, they share the following characteristics: ____. And then finish by supplying striking examples in a way that explains the novel for your readers. 5. Formulate a thesis Your thesis statement should reflect your purpose for comparing two characters and incorporate the effects their similarities and differences have on your essay. Refer back to your purpose for comparing characters as well as your list of similarities and differences in order to formulate the main claim you’re making in the essay. For example: Though both members of the same social circles, Daisy Buchanan and Jordan Baker reveal the freedoms and restrictions imposed on women in The Great Gatsby. Though both receive prophecies from the witches. Macbeth and Banquo react differently to the news, illustrating through contrast the corrupting effects of power and pride. 6. Form a conclusion Fill in the blanks of the following statements: I am comparing these two characters in order to show ____ about the work. These characters share the following characteristics: ___. These characters differ in the following ways: ____. These similarities and differences relate to the essential meaning of the work because ____. Once you’re able to complete these statements, refer back to your thesis for your character comparison. Have you gathered enough information to make an accurate comparison between the two characters? Have you demonstrated your understanding of the work as a whole? For example, If youre writing about Shakespeares Hamlet and you compare Marcellus and Gertrude, youve pretty much demonstrated you don’t understand the play well, because theres little meaningful connection between the two. On the other hand, if you compare Ophelia and Hamlet, as two adults following their respective fathers advice to their deaths, youve demonstrated superior comprehension. 7. Structure your comparison Consider how you will compare the characters. Broadly speaking, there are two general ways to structure your comparison: You can write about both characters in each paragraph (paragraph 2: As appearance, Bs appearance; paragraph 3: As motivation, Bs motivation, etc). You can write all about A, then all about B, and relate both characters to each other in a following paragraph. No matter which structure you choose, remember why youre comparing these two characters. You must always make a larger argument about the meaning of the similarities and differences, and you must always support those arguments with specific examples from the work. 8. Write Once you’ve outlined the structure of your character comparison, you’re finally ready to write! Make sure that all of the information in your essay is accurate and can be supported by the text. Once you’ve finished writing, it’s always a good idea to proofread your work and make revisions if necessary. For more how-to lessons, visit How To Series.

Software Engineering - 56D Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Software Engineering - 56D - Research Paper Example The architecture may have to be designed before specifications are written to provide a means of structuring the specification and developing different sub-system specifications concurrently, to allow manufacture of hardware by sub-contractors and to provide a model for system costing. Object-oriented development helps to reduce these problems as it supports the grouping of entities (in object classes) so therefore simplifies program understanding. It also provides protection for entities declared within objects so that access from outside the object is controlled (the entity may not be accessible, its name may be accessible but not its representation or it may be fully accessible). This reduces that probability that chances to one part of the system will have undesirable effects on some other part. A consistent user interface may be impossible to produce for complex systems with a large number of interface options. In such systems, there is a wide imbalance between the extent of usage of different commands so for frequently used commands, it is desirable to have short cuts. Unless all commands have short cuts, then consistency is impossible. An example of such a system is an operating system interface. ... It may also be the case in complex systems that the entities manipulated are of quite different types and it is inappropriate to have consistent operations on each of these types. An example of such a system is an operating system interface. Even MacOS which has attempted to be as consistent as possible has inconsistent operations that are liked by users. For example, to delete a file it is dragged to the trash but dragging a disk image to the trash does not delete it but unmounts that disk. Section 22.2: A program need not be completely free of defects before delivery if: Remaining defects are minor defects that do not cause system corruption and which are transient i.e. which can be cleared when new data is input. Remaining defects are such that they are recoverable and a recovery function that causes minimum user disruption is available. The benefits to the customer's business from the system exceed the problems that might be caused by the remaining system defects. Testing cannot completely validate that a system is fit for its intended purpose as this requires a detailed knowledge of what that purpose will be and exactly how the system will be used. As these details inevitably change between deciding to procure a system and deploying that system, the testing will be necessarily incomplete. In addition, it is practically impossible for all except trivial system to have a complete test set that covers all possible ways that the system is likely to be used. Section 22.4: Program inspections are effective for the following reasons: They can find several faults in one pass without being concerned about interference between program faults. They bring a number of people with different experience of different types of

Business Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Economics - Essay Example (Hay, 2009, p. 461) The bubble formed by the housing price was the initiator of the general global economic crisis brought over to the whole world. What initiated the crisis was the bursting of the house price bubble in the United States and the problem was magnified by the aggressive mortgage lending prices. The housing market or the real estate market comprises of several differentiated markets as the owner occupied market, rental housing market, urban business properties market that is the factories, shops and the offices, the agricultural land markets and the recreational properties. There are five main reasons that are held responsible for the house price bubbles; they are low interest rates, development of new and innovative financial products which facilitated the availability of the credit, the tax treatment was also in favor of the debt-financed and owner-occupied housing; shortage in the supply of land in the attractive urban areas, increase in the purchase of houses as a r ental property or for speculative purposes. (Muller, Almy, Engelschalk, 2009, pp. 17-20; UK Economy in ‘Worst Crisis’ in 60 years, 2008) The Housing market Crash The UK housing market The real house prices have grown stronger over the past years, which have been volatile accompanied by macroeconomic fluctuations. The UK Housing market has gone through significant turbulence since the early 1980. In the period between 1982-1989, the market experienced a rapid rise in the housing prices, but meanwhile the housing prices showed a downward trend during the period 1990-1992 resulting in house price inflation. Accruing to the high economic growth in the years 1992 and 1993, the housing market in UK witnessed an increase in the average house price inflation, which originated in London and the South East region, which had a rippling down effect towards the north. The UK housing markets are the result of the personal sector wealth proportion, which was invested in the owner occu pied dwellings. The UK owner occupied dwellings accounted for 20 percent in 1960, which increased to 40 percent in 1990s. Highest owner- occupation rates and the lowest private renting characterize UK. The main reason which drove the financial turbulence in the housing market in 1980s are the liberalization of the financial markets and the policy of ‘Right to Buy’ which ensured the transformation of the population from the rented house to the private own occupied house. The increase in the competition among the lenders resulted in the fact that the borrowers get loans. This resulted in an increase in the household sector mortgage indebtedness from 25 percent in 1980 to 75 percent in 1992. The average mortgage advance reached its highest 60.1 percent in the year 1986, and thereby remained at a steady 58 percent for the rest of the 1980s. The house price inflation was fueled by the amalgamation of factors like increased in demand for housing, rising incomes, and an increa ses in the competition to supply mortgage lending. (Figueira, Glen, Nellis, 2005, p. 1756; UK house prices drop like a rock, 2008) The reason behind the crash The main reason behind the UK housing crash was it’s serendipitously stumbling upon the economic growth trajectories, which were mainly consumer-led and private debt financed in the early 1990s. Both

Internal and External Analysis of Pak Electron Ltd

Internal and External Analysis of Pak Electron Ltd Pak electron ltd is the pioneer manufacture of electrical goods. It was establish in 1956 in technical collaboration with M/S AEG of Germany. In October 1978 the group was bought by Saigal Group of Industries. Since its inception, the company has always been contribution towards the advancements and development of the engineering sector in Pakistan by producing hundreds of engineers, skilled workers and technicians through its apprenticeship schemes and training program. The products manufactured by PEL have always been of high standard and the name PEL is synonymous with QUALITY all over Pakistan. Since its inception, the company has been working for the advancement and development of engineering know-how in Pakistan. The company has produced hundreds of engineers, skilled workers and technicians through its apprenticeship schemes training programs. PEL has been continuously adding new products to its range. As a result, PEL has registered a significant increase in its sales volume, during the last ten years. PEL PROFILE Pak Elektron Limited (PEL) is the pioneer manufacturer of electrical goods in Pakistan. It  was established in 1956 in technical collaboration with M/s AEG of Germany. In October  1978, the company was bought by the Saigol Group of Companies. Since its inception,  the company has always been contributing towards the advancement and development of  the engineering sector in Pakistan by introducing a range of quality home appliances and  by producing hundreds of engineers, skilled workers and technicians through its  apprenticeship schemes and training programmers. The company comprises of two divisions: Appliances Division Power Division Appliances Division PELs appliance division is the flag carrier of the Saigol group. This division of PEL consists of Home appliance manufacturing. PEL Air Conditioners PEL window-type air conditioners were introduced in 1981 in technical collaboration with General Corporation of Japan. Ever since their launch, PEL air conditioners have a leading position in the market. PEL air conditioners cooling performance has been tested and approved by Copeland and ITS USA and today PEL holds approximately45% of air conditioners market share. PEL Refrigerators The manufacturing of refrigerators started in 1986-87 in technical collaboration with M/s IAR-SILTAL of Italy. Like the air conditioner, PELs refrigerators are also in great demand. Today, PEL Crystal has 30% market share. Its cooling performance is tested and approved by Danfoss, Germany and its manufacturing facility is ISO 9002 certified by SGS Switzerland. PEL Deep Freezers PEL deep freezers were introduced in 1987 in technical collaboration with M/s Ariston of Italy. Due to their durability and high quality, PEL deep freezers are the preferred choice of companies like Lever Brothers. POWER DIVISION PEL Power Division manufactures energy meters, transformers, switchgears, Kiosks,  compact stations, shunt capacitor banks etc. All these electrical goods are assembled  under strict quality control and in accordance with international standards. PEL is one of the major electrical equipment suppliers to Water and Power Development  Authority (WAPDA) and Karachi Electrical Supply Corporation (KESC), which are the  largest power companies in Pakistan. Over the years, PEL electrical equipment has had been used in numerous power projects  of national importance within Pakistan. PEL has the privilege of getting its equipment  approved and certified from well-reputed international consultants such as: Preece, Cardew and Rider, England Harza Engineering Company, USA Snam Progeti, Italy Societe Dumezm, France Miner Miner International Inc. USA Ensa, France In spite of stiff competition from emerging local and multinational brands, PEL Groups appliances and electrical equipments have remained in the spotlight due to constant innovation. Strategic partnerships with Copeland, Danfoss, Samsung and others have enabled the PEL Group to incorporate new technologies into existing product ranges, thus giving the Pakistani market access to innovative, affordable and quality products. TRANSFORMER PEL has vast experience in design and manufacturing of standard and special purpose transformers up to 33kV and up to 6000kVA ratings. PEL make oil immersed transformers with natural cooling are suitable for both indoor and outdoor installations. These are manufactured according to BSS-171, IEC-76 or VDE-0532 and tropical zed to meet adverse environmental conditions. All our transformers are offered with tabular tank, having a conservator and breather. However, hermetically sealed transformers are also manufactured up to 1000kVA ratings. PEL transformers are available for various applications: Distribution transformers (pole mounted or pad mounted design) Auto transformers Furnace transformers Welding transformers Chokes for furnace transformers Any other special requirement PELs transformers have been successfully type tested for Impulse voltage and short circuit tests at KEMA, (Holland), HVSC Lab, Rawat (Pakistan), NIP (Pakistan) and UET (Pakistan). ENERGY METER Single-Phase Energy Meters: PEL manufactures Electro-mechanical Energy Meters under license from ABB-USA. The quality of PEL meters has been certified by KEMA Laboratories (Holland) and conforms to IEC 521, SGS Yarsley, and U.K., has certified PEL Energy Meter plant for ISO 9002. PEL type MC8 is a direct connection single-phase meter. The design and constructional features include overload compensation and temperature compensation, thus providing maintenance-free operation over a long period and accurate measurement of electrical energy. The frame is sturdy in construction and the covers are available in unbreakable polycarbonate plastic material. Poly-Phase Energy Meters: PEL type TBL is a direct connection poly-phase meter having improved load performance and precision accuracy over a wide load range. All meter parts are corrosion protected for long-term reliability. It has a magnetic bearing system that is self-cleaning, non-aging and tamper resistant. This ensures virtually frictionless operation of the rotor while withstanding abuse from surges and magnetic tampering. The meter is available with one-piece high impact polycarbonate cover. The terminal cover is extended type that completely shrouds the service cable. History of Refrigerator In 1748 Dr.William Cullen did first experiment in artificial refrigeration. In the early 1800s, Michael Faraday discovered the liquefying ammonia gas which causes cooling. IN 1804, Oliver Evans, and American design the first refrigeration machine. In 1834, Jacob Perkins, an American invented the refrigerator in London. In 1844, an American physician, Oliver Evinces built a refrigerator to make ice to cool the air. In 1874, Raoul Picked of Switzerland, invented a a compressor system using sulphur dioxide instead of ammonia. In 1876, German engineer, Carl Von Linden made the process of liquefying gas, basic refrigerator technology. In 1915 Alfred Mellows starts to build first self container refrigerator for home use. In 1920 there were some 200 different refrigerators in the market. In 1922 Baltzar Von Platen and Carl Munters introduce absorption process refrigerator. Refrigerator from the late 1800s until 1929 used the toxic gases, ammonia and methyl chloride and Sulphur dioxide as refrigerant. In 1931 the first air cooled refrigerator launched by Electrolux. In 1947 GE launched two door refrigerators freezer combination. In 1955 80% of American homes now have refrigerators. Throughout the 1960s to 1970s house hold refrigerators were improved to better suit consumers. According to the history channel, today refrigerators are more energy efficient With the advancement of technology from this era to current era, now, there is quick change in the styles and quality. Timeline of Air Conditioning Events Here is a timeline of historical facts about the development of the air-conditioning industry you may find interesting and help you appreciate the impact this important industry has on our lives. 1882 Thanks to Thomas Edison, the first electric power plant opens in New York, making it possible for the first time to have an inexpensive source of energy for residential and commercial buildings. 1889 Central station refrigeration is used in large cities to preserve foods and documents. 1902 Willis Carrier builds the first air conditioner to combat humidity inside a printing company. Controlling the humidity in printing companies and textile mills was the start of managing the inside environments. 1906 Willis Carrier patents his invention calling it an Apparatus for Treating Air. 1906 Stuart W. Cramer coins the term Air Conditioning. 1913 The first international exposition devoted exclusively to refrigeration is held in Chicago. 1917 The first documented theater to use refrigeration is the New Empire Theatre in Montgomery, Alabama. In that same year, the Central Park Theater in Chicago is built to incorporate the new technology: air conditioning. 1928 The Chamber of the House of Representatives is air conditioned. 1929 The Senate is air conditioned. 1930 The White House, the Executive Office Building, and the Department of Commerce are air-conditioned. 1942 The Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO) becomes the nations first summer peaking utility. 1946 After World War II, the demand for room air-conditioners begins to increase. Thirty thousand room air-conditioners were produced that year. 1947 Air conditioning becomes a bargaining issue when textile workers in North Carolina strike because of stressful heat and humidity in the workplace. 1950 A major study shows that families living in air conditioned homes sleep longer in summer, enjoy their food more, and have more leisure time. 1953 Room air conditioner sales exceed one million units with demand still exceeding supply. 1953The air conditioning and refrigeration institute is formed from two associations: the Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturers Association and the Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Machinery Association. 1955 Mass marketing of frozen dinners begins: ads promote TV dinners. 1957 The first rotary compressor was introduced, permitting units to be smaller, quieter, weigh less, and more efficient than the reciprocating type. 1969 Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walk on the moon in spaces suits with life support and cooling systems. 1977 New technology allows heat pumps to operate at lower outdoor temperatures while heating on the reversed refrigeration cycle. 1987 The United Nations Montreal Protocol for protection of the earths ozone layer is signed. The Protocol establishes international cooperation on the phase-out of stratospheric ozone depleting substances, including the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants used in some refrigeration and air conditioning equipment. 1990 ARI, in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Energy, initiates the Materials Compatibility Lubricants Research (MCLR) program, which helps manufacturers to 21 accelerate away from CFC refrigerants. 1992 The R-22 Alternative Refrigeration Evaluation Program (AREP) begins a four- year program to investigate alternatives to R-502 and HCFC-22. 1995 Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) production in the United States ends December 31. 1997 North American Technician Excellence (NATE) formed to promote excellence in technicians who install and service air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment. The NATE-certified logo is synonymous with The Best. 1998Research for the 21st centaury a multi-year, million-dollar research program for air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment begins. The objective is to decrease building energy usage while improving indoor air quality. 1998 Shipments of unitary air conditioners and heat pumps set a record of more than 6.2 million Units. 1998 After receiving five annual awards from the U.S envoi mental protection agency for contributions to environmental protection, ARI was awarded a Best of the Best award for continued environmental concern. Organizational Departments Finance department Marketing department Sales department Trading department Consumer marketing department Credit control department Customer service department Human resource management department Distributions department Quality control department Department working Finance Department: Finance department provide money for the working of the organization. Pel companys department borrows loan mainly from national bank and settle terms and conditioned of the interest and time period of returning the load with it. when the sale is made the company firstly return the loan with interest. Human Resource Department: Human resource department of the Pel Company is very much conscious of hiring the employees for the company. The standards he set for hiring the new poople.HRM department of the company mainly makes the external recruitment .this is usually done through news paper web sites extra.HRM department also set salaries, packages and TA, DA allowances. Marketing Department: Marketing department is the back bone of any firm. marketing department generally analyze the needs and wants of the customer. Then this department tells about the customer needs to the company which in tern launches the products according to the needs of the customers. Marketing department is responsible for making strong advertisement for the products. Sales Department: Sales department is responsible for making sales of the product. This department generally takes orders from the market, gives information to the credit control department. Area credit control department gives information to the head office. Head office discuss situation with the finance department and then at last finance department gives authority to area credit control department to settle term and conditions with dealers. Customer service center department: This department is very much important for the company because its makes the good will of the company. It provide services to the customers who have their clams and makes the customer loyal. It also gives the feed back to the head office to provide the required spare parts. Consumer Marketing Department: Consumer marketing department gives packages to the person who has low income to attract them to purchase their products. They have their own area offices. This department works under credits control departments. Trading Department: This department is involved for importing products. This department imports the required products according to the demand of the customer such as split unit. This department is controlled by its head, which works directly under the head office. This department sends terms and condition of trade to the head office and finance department for the financing. Production Department: Production department is involved only producing the products. This department purchases raw material from the suppliers. Then pass the raw material from various dyes machines, modelling machines etc; from the assembly line according to the required shapes of the products. Distribution department: This department distributes the final products from the production department to the dealers and then ultimately to the consumers. This department is only responsible for distributing products according to the requirement and demand of the sectors. Managerial Functions Planning Refrigerator: Planning is very much important function of the management.PEL company makes the planning regarding refrigerator by observing the market. How much a company can sales in a particular segments there any chance of growth is also in the planning of the company refrigerator. Split Unit: The company planning regarding split unit firstly is the observation of the market. Then after observation how much to import the split units. Finance and trading department also give suggestion for planning regarding split unit .Then set their plans according to the requirement. Organizing Refrigerator: The organizing regarding refrigerator how to make availability of refrigerator assured. Taking in the account the policy regarding refrigerator of the company how much to produce and when to produce etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Almost all the department are involved in organizing and also how much margin to give to the dealers. Split Unit: While organizing the company takes into account that the last year sales and how much to sale in a particular area. Mainly quality control, finance department and trading department are involved in organizing for how much to import, when to import,where to import etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Leading Reference: Head office mainly leads all departments regarding refrigerator .All the sub ordinate department officers lead the related department and employees and loyal to the head office for their working. Their is check and balance situation for every department. Split Unit: Head office mainly leads all the related department of the split units. Trading department is mainly the leader in split unit case for importing it and direct reliable to the head office. For leading it also give its requirement to its head office for finance and for the quality control of the product. Controlling Refrigerator: Controlling is the main functions after making the pervious steps. Managers of the each department control its own department working and are liable to the managing director. There is check and balance situation. In controlling, monthly and annual basis analysis are made. How much sale is made and for the betterment of the product research and development department then do its job. Split Unit: In controlling of the split units, trading department mainly control the import of the splits units. it checks the quantity of the units and quality control department checks the quality of the split units before launching it in the market. Strategic Management Model Environmental Scanning Environmental scanning is the monitoring, evaluating and discriminating of information from the external and internal environment to keep people within the corporation. The company scans the environment in the following way: General Forces: It includes: Political Legal Forces: PEL Company is very much conscious about the political and legal environment of the country. The company changes its labor wages which is registered whenever a govt. changes the labor laws. Technological Forces: PEL Company tries to adopt the future technology for using in the product. They always keep in view the technology for increasing the quality of the product for their customers. On the basis of modern technology, company is the market leader regarding the appliances. Economic Forces: Economic forces means change in disposable Income, flections in the market, inflation, change in rate of interest etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Company always keep in mind the economic conditions of the country and sets its prices accordingly. Social Cultural Forces: It includes environmental concerns, work life quality attitudes and also work force diversity etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦PEL Company keeps in view the social culture changes of the country and sets its target accordingly. Task Environment: It Includes: Customers: PEL Company customers include various government organization such as wapda and Karachi power company regarding power divisions.PEL Company has also an internal and external customers. Internal customers are those who are the employees of the company which dont makes big affect on the sales. External customers are those which are the outsides the company such as general pubic except employees. Suppliers: PEL Company has its suppliers regarding its appliance division are Abdullah and Heartz, Star enterprises, Pals codes system. Etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and have its suppliers regarding split unit from china. Competitors: PEL Company has its competitors like Dawlance, Waves, LG, Haier etc. PEL Company makes close analysis of its competitors to understand its strategies and to overcome its deficiencies. Public Pressure Groups: There is no public pressure group which affect the working of the company because PEL Company makes product by viewing all its aspects which dont affect the societal environment of the economy. Internal Environment Structure: Company has very systematic structure; the information flows from top to low bottom and from bottom to top mean mechanistic style have rigid chain of command. Culture: The company has strong culture. Employees work in teams and have set great expectation and values for the incoming employees. Resources: It includes: Assets Heavy Machinery, Skill full Employees etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Skills Labour skills, employee skill etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Competences Quickly responsible to competitors Knowledge Half and annually based training. Strategy Formulation Mission Objective Company has its objective regarding refrigerator to be number 1 in the market in the coming three years. Company also set the objective to make the split units in the factory in future. Strategy Company has a comprehensive master plan to achieve its mission and objectives. Company is trying to stabilize its market share regarding its refrigerator and split unit and also want its growth in the future. Policies Company has its policy to maintain the quality of its products at lower cost and provides the consistent value satisfaction to the customer. Strategy Implementation Strategy implementation is the process in which strategy and policy are put into the action through the development of program, budgets and procedures. Program Program is the statement of the activity of the steps needed to accomplish a single use Plan.PEL Company has a program to make split units in its own factory. Budgets A budget is a statement of the corporation program in term of money. In Planning and controlling list the detail cost of each program. Company set a budget for making split unit in its own company and its also for having advertising. Procedures Sequential steps to complete program known as procedure. Companys program for making split units includes procedures .How much to purchase from supplier at which cost. Evaluation Control It is the process in which cooperates activity and performance results are monitored so that actual performance can b compared with the desired performance.PEL Company makes the evaluation by acquiring the information at all level from managers. And then they take the step for controlling the situation if it is not matching with the desired performance. Business Analysis SWOT Analysis SWOT stands for strength and weakness of an organization in the light of opportunities and threats outside the organization. Strength Refrigerator: Company has its strength in refrigerator. Customer loyalty Trade and experienced staff Usage of Vinyl coating material Compressor quality (DAN FOSS Germany) Splits Units: Company has its Strength in Split Units. Low cost from others Better cooling Low power consumption Weakness Refrigerator: Company has its weakness in refrigerator. No uses of compressor drain try No use of drain tries Splits Units: Company has its weakness in Split Unit Cooling problem Opportunity Refrigerator: Company has the opportunity Can increase it sales due to loyalty Can import due to its name Splits Units: Companies have the opportunity To make split units Control prices Can increase its market share Threats Refrigerator: Companies have the opportunity Competitors can produce similar products New foreign companies Reduction of prices PEST ANAYLSIS Political Political or legal forces means law and order situation in the country. Countrys policies for the trading companies. Political and legal situation regarding PEL Company is stated as Refrigerator: Registered Labours Increase wages when govt. changes Labour policies No political affects Splits Units: No pressure from political parties Economical Mean economic condition of the country such as change in dispose bale income, fluctuation in market, inflation rate etcCompany sets the prices according to the economic situation of Pakistan. Refrigerator: Middle and upper class Generally in inflation situation buying power decreases Reduction of prices Reduce of quality Splits Units: Cost of product is main thing Social Refrigerator: Employees Work in Shifts. No Women in Work Force. Employees are well settled according to the culture Split Unit: Socially no affect Technological Refrigerator Technology Affects The Working OF A Company. Company Adopts Modern Technology Receives Feedback. Split Unit: Use of modern Of Technology. Quality Checking. POTERs 5 Model Bargaining Power of Supplier Bargaining power of PEL Companys suppliers is comparatively low due to the large number of supplier such as Abdullah and hearts, Pals Codes system etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Bargaining Power of buyer PEL Company have high bargaining power as compare to suppliers due to presence of many suppliers. Threat Of New Entrant There is always a threat of new entrant. PEL Company is facing a threat from foreign a local companies. Existing firms PEL Competitors like Dawlance, Waves and LG can reduce its appliances products prices. Threat Of Substitute Product Dawlance, Waves, LG etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦can produce substitute products at low rates which is threat for the company. BCG Matrix Refrigerator: Refrigerator is placed in star box because it has high share and market growth. Refrigerator has 45% of the market share and also increasing its market growth. Split Unit: Split unit is also placed in star box due to high market share and market growth. Split unit has 30%of the market share and continuously increasing market growth. Marketing Research Pictures Marketing MIX PRODUCT PRICE PLACE PROMOTION Product Product is a thing that satisfies customer demands. Pel Company is very much conscious to make the products which satisfy the customer needs. Company makes the product: According to the needs of the customer What kind of size and model they want What kind of features and functions they want What kind of packaging they want Price Price is very much important because it attracts the customer in first look. PEL Company is very much conscious about price. Company sets the prices of the products by Analyzing the market situation Actual cost of the product Marketing expenses of the product Profit margin of the company Comparison to other home appliances Setting deal with dealers Place Place plays a very important role for any companys product. If the product is not rightly placed, company will suffer from loss. Company places its product: According to the requirement of customer and market In more populated area of the city Against competitors products More convenient to the customers Promotion Once company makes the product, it needs promotion for the awareness of the customers. Unless a company will not arrange for promotion a products cant succeed. PEL Company promotes its product through: Bill Boards Internet News paper Brushers Television ISO Detail There are some requirements that the PEL Company fulfill to get the ISO certificate. International Standard Practices Total Quality Management Good Management practice Key Force Competitive Teamwork State Of The Art Production Commitment For Quality Efficiency Monitoring Process Zero Defect Group Profile In 1948, The Saigols Migrated From Calcutta Initiated Their Business In Lyallpur(Later Named Faisalabad) Under The Banner Of Kohinoor Industries Ltd. Kohinoor Textile Mills. Pak Elektron Ltd. Kohinoor Power Company Ltd. Kohinoor Energy Ltd. Kohinoor Motor Works Ltd. Saigol Computer Pvt. Ltd. Saritow Spinning Mills The Azam Textile Mills. Completely Import Export Imports Refrigerator: In refrigerator there is Usually No Import because the PEL Company manufactures it own refrigerator. Some Time PEL Company Import Spare Parts on the Requirement of need. Split Unit: PEL Company Import split unit From China. It completely import the splitunit because they do not manufacture the split unit. Export In split unit there is no export because PEL Company totally import the split unit. Future Plans Prospects There is only one future plan and that is: They want to manufacture the split unit in own company. Suggestions Recommendations After the visit of the PEL Company and check the complete management functions we suggested to the PEL Company to do 1. More aggressive advertisement 2. To manufacture the split units in their own company

Arthritis :: essays research papers

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative arthritis, a condition in which joint cartilage degenerates or breaks down. New tissue, which grows at the ends of bones, now has no cartilage cap to control it. Instead, this new bone forms into strange lips and spurs that grind and grate and get in the way of movement of the joint. Osteoarthritis is common in older people after years of wear-and-tear that thin the cartilage and the bones. Osteoarthritis can also result from diseases in which there is softening of the bone, like Paget's disease in which the long bones of the body curve like a bow, or osteoporosis with its bowing of the shoulder called "dowager's hump," or other bone degeneration. Other forms of arthritis can also cause a secondary osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is not an inevitable problem of aging. Those who don't suffer from it may have their heredity and possibly the strength of their immune systems to thank. Medical science is not quite sure of all the factors that com e into play in deciding who gets osteoarthritis and who doesn't. Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory arthritis. It is second only to osteoarthritis in the number of its victims. It affects primarily the small joints in the hands and feet and the synovium, causing crippling deformities. This is an arthritis that usually starts in middle age or earlier. Estimates of the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis run as high as one person in every hundred, and females are two to three times as likely to suffer from it. It seems to start more in the winter and after some siege of sickness, but it is not considered an infective arthritis. Nobody knows what causes rheumatoid arthritis. There may be some hereditary trait, and there seems to be some connection to viral infections like German measles and serum hepatitis, the liver disease brought on by an injection of one kind or another. Because of this, scientists theorize that rheumatoid arthritis may be an autoimmune disease, one in which the body acts as though it were allergic to itself. The immune system gets mixed up and attacks normal joint tissue instead of the stuff it is supposed to attack. Polyarteritis Nodosa is also an inflammatory arthritis, fortunately it is a rare form of arthritis. It can lead to complications that are dangerous to life. It affects four times as many males as females, mostly young adults.

How Do We Know Something Is True in the Arts and Science Essay

Hey Jamie! I’ve been wondering for a while now how you can really know if something in art or natural sciences is true.? I mean when you look at a piece of art or let’s say the way atoms connect with each other, or how the gravity works, how do you know it’s all true? Obviously there are laws that are connected with these things, however how can you be sure if what the law states is true? Jamie:You’re pretty much right about that, but I think it’s not about the truth for now – first there should be some kind of idea or a belief, before it can be confirmed, right? I mean, for instance Newton came up with the idea of gravity when an apple fell on his head, remember? It made him think about it more and more until the conception of some kind of force that affects everything on Earth popped into his mind, but I don’t think art works the same way†¦ Molly:Right†¦ Art’s totally different thing. Natural science have some rules they work with, even though there probably are some we still don’t know about, however we can notice something that happens the certain way. The rules are true. Well – people, or rather scientists claim so, but they are based on long-term observation and other research, right? Jamie:Right! If someone is absolutely certain that something is true, is it because this is the way he sees it or seeing it equals believing it is true? Molly:Well†¦ That’s a good question. I’ve heard that there are some ways to know that something is true – like I’ve mentioned before, observation, or rather a sense of perception, is one of them, but there is also reason and language that suggests people which is the objective, factual or relative truth. It’s more connected with natural sciences, however when it comes to art the way one can tell something is true is slightly different. Jamie:How so? I mean†¦ I don’t get what your point is. Molly:Look, if you have a piece of art, let’s say a picture of a battle, okay? The one who painted it, probably had some kind of knowledge about the battle he was drawing, right? Jamie:I think so†¦ Molly:So, let’s say, there is a person the picture revolves around, some kind of great figure, a king or other known man. The author of the painting wanted to show ordinary people the greatness of the person he pictured in the centre of his work. And there is a big chance that the person who’ll look at this exact piece of art, will think ‘Oh, that man was so great. ’, but how can he or she know it is true that he was as ‘great’ as the author portrayed him? Then, we could take a work of another author, the same battle, and there will be no person who will attract your attention at first, just the way the battle looked like, dead people, blood on the ground and other realistic fragments. If I was the one comparing these two pictures, I’d get a feeling that the first artist suggested the greatness of the man he portrayed because he was paid or had to do so, while the second one would be more true to me, because it would probably show the facts at some point. Jamie:Oh I see what you mean now! Hmm†¦ I have a feeling that in the end art and natural science are somehow connected when it comes to knowing the truth! Molly:†¦ Okay, now you got me confused. How can they be connected? Explain? Jamie:Oh look! If you take our chemistry book, you’ll find there all kinds of described experiments, right? However it is rare to find the outcomes of these experiments in the book. Molly:Yeah†¦? Jamie:And when you listen to your chemistry teacher, and he’ll tell you before you do the experiment that the product of the reaction should smell the certain way, as let’s say†¦ Hydro-sulfuric acid smells like rotten eggs. After finishing your research and experiment you would probably note that the smell of the acid was of rotten eggs, because this is what has been suggested by your teacher, right? Molly:Oh, now I see how it’s connected to art. Some kind of statement can be suggested to you and you are very likely to believe it, however, then you could find some other research that declines what your teacher claimed or that the guy portrayed in the picture was great. Jamie:Yes! Exactly! But then there arises a new question. Molly:Huh? What question? Jamie:Can we be sure of what people claim to be true to be actually true? Molly:Right†¦ In the end I think we are should stick to the rules that have been stated in the past, because they seem to be true, however after you said that†¦ I’m starting to doubt everything I know! Jamie:Sorry for that! Didn’t want to make you confused! Molly:No, it was actually pretty interesting! Jamie:Yup! But I think we can never be in 100% sure of what is true when it comes to art and natural science. Molly:Yeah, totally agree with you on this one.

The Immigration Of The United States Essay - 1641 Words

Immigration In America The people living in the United States of America are confronted with a debatable issue each and everyday. Illegal immigration into America and the immigration laws that follow make for an emotional topic. Often times people in the U.S argue whether the laws against illegal and legal immigration in America are the proper laws for the issues at hand. Many people think that illegal immigration should be stopped while others believe that the outbreak of newcomers can help America grow. There is a growing debate about immigration in the United States; some natives believe that the immigrants are adding to the country’s diverse background and providing more culture while others believe that the new coming immigrants are taking away opportunities for those already living in the United States. Despite the few beneficial changes immigrants bring to America upon entering, the negative aspects that affect the lives of many Americans each day, far outweigh the posi tives. Many people in America believe that illegal and legal immigration is ruining America as a country. The growing numbers of illegal immigrants requires more of the taxpayers money to support them since the immigrants are living undocumented. The United States has assumed a great national debt and the outbreak of illegal immigrants entering the country has provided more debt. Undocumented immigrants are often the responsibilities of the government even though they are not US-born citizens.Show MoreRelatedImmigration And The United States986 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration in the United States continues to increase rapidly year by year. According to an analysis of monthly Census Bureau data by the Center for Immigration Studies, the immigration population in the United States, both legal and illegal, hit a record of 42.1 million in the second quarter of this year, an increase of 1.7 million since the same quarter of 2014 (CIS.org). Clearly, Immigrants make up a large part of t he population in the United States, and for most immigrants, migrating to theRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1399 Words   |  6 Pages Michelle Faed English 126 Immigration in the United States The United States of America, being a country established by immigrants, is known all over the world as the land of great opportunities. People from all walks of life travelled across the globe, taking a chance to find a better life for them and their family. Over the years, the population of immigrants has grown immensely, resulting in the currently controversial issue of illegal immigration. 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Not all immigrants come to America legally whether as naturalized citizens, legal permanent residents